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Engineering admission · Other / specialist pathway · Physics

Mechanics, thermal physics, waves and electricity

Combine mechanical, thermal, wave and electrical principles.

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Learn the idea

A multi-part problem may require different models in different stages. Identify when forces are constant, when losses are neglected and whether the circuit is idealised. Conservation calculations require a defined system. Do not transfer an equation to a new situation without its conditions.

Worked example

A 1 kg object falls 5 m from rest with g=10 m/s² and negligible drag. mgh=mv²/2 gives v=10 m/s. The potential-energy loss is 50 J; this model omits air resistance.

  1. Separate stages and assumptions.
  2. Choose laws for each stage.
  3. Check dimensions and energy accounts.

Your written practice

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100

mgh=2×10×5.

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400

f=v/λ=300/0.75.

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120

E=Pt.

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mgh=mv²/2 gives v=√(2gh)=√100=10 m/s.

Show cancellation and the loss assumption.

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Some gravitational energy transfers to the air and thermal stores rather than kinetic energy.

Account for energy without claiming it is lost from the total.

Physics model test

Solve a multi-stage energy problem and explain one model limit.

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